Showing posts with label Fertilizer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fertilizer. Show all posts

Sunday, September 8, 2013

Epsom Salts, "In The Garden?"

   Using Epsom salt in gardening is not a new concept, its something I would see my Grammy and Aunt Annice use often in there vegetable garden and flower garden and then soak their tired feet in a hot tube of water with it after a long day in the garden! Using Epsom Salts in the garden has been around for many generations. But does it really work? I know I personally have seen differences since recalling this trick they used, so lets look at why I may have seen a difference.
  Why put Epsom salts on plants? Is Epsom Salt Good for Plants? Yes, Epsom salt helps improve flower blooming and enhances a plant’s green color. It can even help plants grow bushier. Epsom salt is made up of "hydrated magnesium sulfate" (magnesium and sulfur), which is important to healthy plant growth.  Even if you don’t believe in its effectiveness, it never hurts to try it. Magnesium allows plants to better take in valuable nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus. It also helps in the creation of chlorophyll, which is vital for photosynthesis. In addition, magnesium greatly improves a plant’s ability to produce flowers and fruit. If the soil becomes depleted of magnesium, adding Epsom salt will help; and since it poses little danger of overuse like most commercial fertilizers, you can use it safely on nearly all your garden plants.
  How to Water Plants with Epsom Salts? It’s easy. Simply substitute it for regular watering either once or twice a month. Before applying Epsom salt, however, it’s a good idea to have your soil tested to determine whether it’s deficient of magnesium. You should also be aware that many plants, like beans and leafy vegetables, will happily grow and produce in soils with low levels of magnesium. Plants like rose, tomatoes and peppers, on the other hand, require lots of magnesium; and therefore, are more commonly watered with Epsom salt.
  When diluted with water, Epsom salt is easily taken up by plants, especially when applied as a foliage spray. Most plants can be misted with a solution of 2 tablespoons of Epsom salt per gallon of water once a month. For more frequent watering, every other week, cut this back to one tablespoon.
With roses, you can apply a foliage spray of 1 tablespoon per gallon of water for each foot of the shrub’s height. Apply in spring as leaves appear and then again after flowering.
  For tomatoes and peppers, apply 1 tablespoon of Epsom salt granules around each transplant or spray (1 tbsp. per gallon) during transplanting and again following the first bloom and fruit set. One great article I found was"Fertilize with Epsom Salts" By: Charlie Nardozzi, it's a very good introductory into this subject!
 Another benefit that I have found personally with using Epsom salt in the garden is as a "natural pesticide" for snails and slugs around my hosta's and other shade loves. I mean think about it, if you sprinkle salt on a slug what happens but if you just sprinkle Epsom salts around the base of the plants, it deters the slimy buggers!
  It has many other benefits but we are just sticking with the garden aspect of it, here is a quick video to help get all of this stuck in your mind! "Epsom Salts" with Dr. Bruce.
  I hope you have a successful go with Epsom Salts and hopefully I can remember some more of these old tricks that I saw used growing up!

Proverbs 22:6 "Train up a child in the way he should go;even when he is old he will not depart from it."

Thursday, March 7, 2013

The Jell-O "Planting Tip"

NO! We aren't gonna talk about Jell-O wrestling, lol! Just a tip for staring seeds that Grammy told me about the other day on the phone. She said was when starting seeds, you can sprinkle Jell-O in before you plant the seeds! She said it does 2 things: The first thing it does is the gelatin in the Jell-O helps keep moister in the starting mix. The second thing it does is the sugar feeds the plant as it grows. So just a little quick tip for your garden! 

Saturday, February 2, 2013

Worm Tubes, "A Worms Buffet"

   While doing the 3 part soil series, I was asked many times more about the "Worm Tubes". So I thought maybe I should do a quick post to help explain a little more. They are really easy to make and install any they help attract your "Garden Champions". It's like making a "Buffet" in your garden for them, its up to you if you charge them or not, lol!
    First you will want to make a trip to the plumbing dept. of your favorite hardware store or if you have a "Habitat for Humanity Restore" in your area you can go there as well and probably get your supplies you need! (it doesn't have to be new)
    Here is this list you will need: 1) A piece of 3" or larger PVC Drain pipe. You can get the french drain pipe with the holes already in it or you can drill the holes yourself, (Holes need to be large enough for your worm customers to enter, lol). 2) You will need 1 cap to fit each worm tube that you are making. 3) If you don't have a saw to cut your pipe, you better swing by the tool dept. as well!
Pipe you need
Cap you need












 
   So you have your supplies, know for the fun part, unless you are like me and love to go to the hardware store! 
  1. Cut your pipe into 3' sections or longer depending how much you want above ground.
  2. At this point if your pipe doesn't have holes you will need to drill holes in it 3/4" or larger, (I feel larger if you can). Leave the end of the pipe that is barred cap free!
  3. Dig down, in your garden area, 2' to 2 1/2' (use a post hole digger for a nice round hole) you can go deeper if you would like as well.
  4. Place pipe in hole vertically into ground 2' to 2 1/2' into ground and back fill dirt.
  5. Start dropping your kitchen scraps into the tube and put the cap on, so you can easily remove it!   Note: Follow the same guidelines for this that you would your compost bin. Don't put greasy foods, meats, ect. into the tubes!
  You can do this in a conventional garden or raised beds if you would like. A hint for conventional gardens: you could use a large trash can! Just cut the bottom out of it, drill holes in the sides and put it halfway or deeper in the ground. Use it the same way but with this one you could drop small amounts of leaves or grass clippings in as well!

  I hope you have fun with this and I am sure some of you will even come up with cleaver, artistic ways to  disguise them in your garden. When you do, please stop back by and drop us a link so that we can come see! Here is the finished product for you as well.
See them in the Corners?

More on soil:
"Black Gold and Other Soil Amendments"
"Garden Soil Part 1"
"Garden Soil Part 2" 
"Garden Soil Part 3"
"My Neighbors Raised beds"

Matthew 25:37 “Then the righteous will answer Him, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry and feed You, or thirsty and give You drink?
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Lets Get Social Sunday,  Simple Sunday, The Creative HomeAcre,Clever Chicks Hop, Harvest Monday, Teach Me Tuesday, Frugal Tuesday,The Backyard Farming Connection, Frugal Days Sustainable Way, Down Home Blog Hop, Wicked Awesome Wednesday, Country Homemaker Hop, Simple Living Wednesday, Home and Garden Thursday, Simple Lives Thursday, The Country Garden Showcase, Freedom Fridays, Thursdays Favorite Things, Fridays Fertilizer Flaunts, Natural Life Link Up, Weekend Whatever, Farm Girl Friday, Farm Girl Blog Fest, Clever Chicks Blog Hop, On it, In it and Around it, A Pinteresting Party, Sweet Saturday 

Sunday, November 4, 2012

"Black Gold and Other Soil Amendments"


   Well this is the time of the year when I will tuck most of my beds in for the winter, other then the one that I plant fall/winter crops in! There are many things to do in the fall but to me the must important thing to do is soil preparation for next year, The soil is the "Heart of the Garden".
 There are at least four factors to consider in selecting a soil amendment:
  • how long the amendment will last in the soil,
  • soil texture,
  • soil salinity and plant sensitivities to salts, and
  • salt content and pH of the amendment.
 Soil tests can determine the salt content, pH and organic matter of organic amendments. The quality of bulk organic amendments for large-scale landscape uses can then be determined.
  Remember each plant that you have planted has had its fill of a lot of the minerals and vitamins that are in the soil. So its our job to help replace those key elements so we can get the best out of our garden next season. Some people will plant a cover crop, which with my bed that I have kept open for fall/winter crops that what I will do but with the others I believe I will just use good old "Black Gold and Other Soil Amendment"!

The Redeemed Gardener
   If you don't know what black gold is, it's the product of those free compost bins I made in the beginning of the year. Read more on that at "Dirt Cheap Compost" and don't worry if you live in the city you can have compost with the "Champion Composters", worms! Here to the right is a hand full of the finished product out of my compost bins. I also mixed in equal parts of horse manure that I got for free from a friend of mine at church, you remember her from the trip we made to see her new born baby goats! All I had to do is go pick it up and they are glad to get rid of it! After I worked that into my beds, I took a couple scoops (about the size of a large coffee can) of die chicken manure and scattered it on top of the soil. Chicken manure is very rich in stuff that the soil needs. I got 5 gallon buckets of it for free as well from a friend of mine that owns chickens and by just asking he gave me some! Then as with the other Amendments I work it down into the soil.
Chicken Poop in a Bucket, lol!
  Why work it into the soil, because amending a soil is not the same thing as mulching, although many mulches also are used as amendments. A mulch is left on the soil surface. Its purpose is to reduce evaporation and runoff, inhibit weed growth, and create an attractive appearance. Mulches also moderate soil temperature, helping to warm soils in the spring and cool them in the summer. So that leads me to the final thing that I do to tuck them in for the winter and that's put a good layer of my mulched up leaves/grass mix, from the yard right on top of the soil, about 4 to 6 inches will do. Then I will work that in in the early early spring to the soil as well. You can also use bark mulch as well and here is a great video to watch on the use of mulch in the garden, "Back to Eden". These are just some of the things I do to get the soil prepared for winter and for next season. There are also many different "Organic and Inorganic Amendments" out there, I just chose Organic for all the best reasons! Here is a very good article I found from "Gardener's Supply Company" that is more in depth from the professional side of this subject. Remember I am a simple farm boy (living in the city) that has been known to be called "Jethro" before, lol! Those of you that haven't been with me for a while should read that article for a good ol knee slapper of a laugh!
  So for us simple folks here is a recap:
  •   Test your soil, to see what it is missing and what type it is
  •   Locate the type of Amendment you need for your garden (free/organic is best)
  •   Work you Amendment into your soil
  •   Tuck your Garden in with a good layer of mulch, (leaves, bark, news paper, etc)
  •   And let God do the rest, "He Promises"

"You must keep all earthy treasures out of your heart, and let Christ be your treasure, and let Him have your heart." ~ C.H. Spurgeon

Linked With:
Fantabulas Fridays
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Farm Girl Blog Fest
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Friday Fertilizer Flaunt
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Rural Thursday
Home And Garden Thursday
Country Homemaker Hop
EOA 61 
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Harvest Monday

Thursday, July 12, 2012

Save Those Coffee Grounds for the Garden!

Every day across America and the world millions of pots of coffee and tea are brewed, and the millions of pounds of wet grounds, filters and bags thrown in the trash.  How wasteful is that, my wife years ago gave me the idea of using them on my acid loving plants.
Coffee by-products can be used in the garden and farm as follows:
  • Sprinkle used grounds around plants before rain or watering, for a slow-release nitrogen.
  • If you have an over abundance of grounds you can apply them directly on your lawn, very good for your grass!
  • Add to compost piles to increase nitrogen balance.  Coffee filters and tea bags break down rapidly during composting.
  • Dilute with water for a gentle, fast-acting liquid fertilizer.  Use about a half-pound can of wet grounds in a five-gallon bucket of water; let sit outdoors to achieve ambient temperature.
  • Mix into soil for houseplants or vegetable beds.
  • Encircle the base of the plant with a coffee and eggshell barrier to repel pests.
  • If you are into worm composting, feed a little bit to your worms


It is easy to collect coffee grounds from your office.  Just put an empty coffee can next to the coffee maker.  Empty once a week or as needed.  Once people get wind of what you're doing, don't be surprised if others want the grounds, too! I have also heard of people going to their local coffee house and asking them to save their used grounds as well, most of the time they are happy to get rid of them! Or ask your neighbors to save them for you as well!




Ezekiel 17:8 "It was planted in good soil by many waters, To bring forth branches, bear fruit, And become a majestic vine.”’


Linked With:
July Harvest Tuesday 
Teach Me Tuesday 
Barn Hop #70 
Frugal Tuesday Tip 
The Garden Showcase 

Monday, April 30, 2012

"Compost Tea Anyone?"

    I have had a few emailed questions about, "What is compost tea?" and "How do you make it"? We all know that compost is a wonderful addition to soil and helps our gardens grow better. Your garden can benefit even more by using compost tea. Compost tea is easily made by soaking or steeping compost in water. I take a piece of cheese cloth, scoop a handful of compost into it, tie it up with a piece of twine and toss it the watering container just like you would a tea bag!
    By using compost tea to replace chemical-based fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides, you can garden safer and be more protective of the environment. Compost tea also, Increases plant growth, Provides nutrients to plants and soil, Provides beneficial organisms, Helps to suppress diseases, Replaces toxic garden chemicals. So there are many benefits’ from using it!
    Also you can make tea out of other organic things as well such as: Crushed egg shells (for calcium), Grass clippings (for nitrogen), by placing Banana peels in a food processor (for potassium). I have even seen people take all different sorts of vegetable waste from the kitchen and process it that way, dig a hole in the garden and pour it straight in! 
    Funny story! I grossed my daughter and one of her friends out with it a few weeks back. They came carrying the water can to me and said, "There is something wrong with the water in your can"'. I stuck my hand in the water and pulled out the ball of cheese cloth with the compost/horse manure. They asked what it was, so I told them what it was. I just so happened to have a cup of fresh brewed ice tea sitting there with me. So I took a drink and said, "It taste pretty good, want some"? LOL! That really grossed them out! Yes, I did tell them a little later it was for the plants!

Here is a cheap way to make a compost bin, "Dirt Cheap"

Let me know what and how you make your garden tea!

Palms 126:2 "Then was our mouth filled with laughter, and our tongue with singing: then said they among the heathen, The LORD hath done great things for them."

Linked up:
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 Rural Thursday
Deep Roots at Home
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Homestead Helps Wednesday
Teach me Tuesday
Tuesday Garden Party
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Tuesday Blog Hop 

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

Using Ammonia in the Garden!

  As you can tell I like to share things that are not commonly shared or have been forgotten about. Sharing things from gardening to Jesus! To me it all enter twines together, He created us and the garden and we try to create as well!
  I bet you are thinking "ammonia?", he is crazier than I thought but really it has a readily available source of "Nitrogen". Nitrogen is needed to encourage leafy plants like lettuces, kale, etc. You could also use it on others such as tomatoes and peppers, for example, in the early stage of growth but stop early so you don't get a good harvest of leaves, lol! What you buy in the store is diluted but you will still need to dilute it more, (1/2 to 1 cup to 20 gallons of water), I usually pore 2 cups in my rain barrels in the early spring and go from there. Another way to dilute is to put 1 cup in a 20 gallon hose end sprayer and spray away! Ammonia is an alkaline cleaning solution. It's made from chemical compounds, which are handy in the garden and helpful with several outdoor chores. Keep some household ammonia in the garden shed and garage. Here's a few ways to put ammonia to work for you in the garden. The smell can also deter larger animals from your garden, trash cans or other areas. I read where you can use it to kill slugs but I have not personally used it for that, YET! You can stop the itch of a mosquito bite. Put a single drop of ammonia directly on the bite to ease the itch immediately. There are granular types of ammonia fertilizers, if you would rather use those. I guess you could clean stuff too, lol! Here is a link to what "Readers Digest" suggests, Click here for other uses!
    Safety first, always wear gloves when using it, it can burn you. Also never combined vinegar or bleach with ammonia or anything containing bleach with ammonia (it releases toxic fumes when you do). Here is all the scientific stuff about ammonia, Click Here!
    There is probably more uses, so please post and let us know. I learn so much more after these post, its amazing! May God Bless each one of your gardens!





"[Jesus] saves His people from their sins. This is His special office. He saves them from the guilt of sin, by washing them in His own atoning blood. He saves them from the dominion of sin, by putting in their hearts the sanctifying Spirit. He saves them from the presence of sin, when He takes them out of this world to rest with Him. He will save them from all the consequences of sin, when He shall give them a glorious body at the last day. Blessed and holy are Christ's people! From sorrow, cross, and conflict they are not saved. But they are saved from sin for evermore."  J.C. Ryle
 
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Garden Life 1-2-3
Homestead Helps Wednesday
Tuesday Garden Party
Teach Me Tuesday
Sustainable Ways #22
Simple Living Wednesday
My Pick Of The Week

Saturday, February 25, 2012

"Worms, The Champion Composter"

  I had been wanting to investigate more on "worm composting". So as I was looking around one of the blogs I follow posted about a project they did! A Flock in the City has a great post on creating a worm compost bin. But what is "Worm composting"? Worm composting is using worms to recycle food scraps and other organic material into a valuable soil amendment called vermicompost, or worm compost. Worms eat food scraps, which become compost as they pass through the worm's body. Compost exits the worm through its' tail end. This compost can then be used to grow plants. To understand why vermicompost is good for plants, remember that the worms are eating nutrient-rich fruit and vegetable scraps, and turning them into nutrient-rich compost. So I'm thinking its worm poop, right? lol
  To get started you need worms, a container and "bedding." I have learned something interesting about worms. Growing up on the farm I always thought, "A worm is a worm is a worm" boy was I wrong, all worms aren't created equal. Don't try using your garden-variety night crawlers. They need to worm their way through dirt to eat and survive and they don't dine on organic waste. So what kind of warms do you need, for this you need red worms -- Eisenia foetida (also known as red wigglers) or Lumbricus rubellus (manure worm). I hope I spelled those right, lol!
   How many red worms does a person needs when starting? Some experts recommend a one-to-one ratio -- one pound of worms for one pound of garbage. But others recommended two pounds per pound of garbage, so I guess somewhere in between will do. The other thing you have to keep in mind is that worms multiply like rabbits, so they say! (Or maybe it's more like rabbits multiply like worms!) Anyway, if you give them adequate food and a good home they can double their populations every 90 days. So, you may want to start out slow and with fewer worms than you think you'll need and the resulting worm population explosion will take care of the rest. I found that to be really interesting!
   I guess the only real important thing left is, what about the environment? Ideally your worm compost bin should be in an environment where the temperature ranges between 40 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit and red worms generally prefer temperatures in the 55 to 77 degree range. (Unlike backyard composting with bacteria who like it hotter than heck, worms are more like us.) Many people use a corner of their kitchen, or, if they have a worm bin outside and live in a place where it does get chilly in the winter, they move it inside for the cold months. So after you build your bin CLICK HERE! or buy a kit, you should be able to start pouring scraps in and before you know it have great "worm compost for you garden or house plants.
  Here are some good sites I found that you may want to look at as well. Most of this information came off them but they do have more for you!




"I do think we have a responsibility to care for the environment – we ought to care for every resource God has provided for us."  John MacArthur

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Saturday, February 11, 2012

"Back To Eden" Gardening God's Way!

    This is the whole reason I garden! I challenge you to take the time to watch this video. I guarantee you will learn A LOT about gardening for the Master! "Back to Eden" is a very eye opening video in many areas. I could sit here and try to tell you everything that you can learn but I would not do Paul justice! I had a fellow blogger send me this link and inform to me of this video ( Online Video to Back to Eden.)
  If you are trying to be a sustainable person and trying to get away from all the craziness of life, watch and learn. I had to watch it twice already! You will learn so much! You can even use it in raised beds. I just need to stop and you need to watch, don't I? Wait until you have a little over a hour and a half, make a cup of coffee and learn! Please let me know your thoughts when you finish watching the video.

After years of back-breaking toil in ground ravaged by the effects of man-made growing systems, Paul Gautschi has discovered a taste of what God intended for mankind in the garden of Eden. Some of the vital issues facing agriculture today include soil preparation, fertilization, irrigation, weed control, pest control, crop rotation, and PH issues. None of these issues exist in the unaltered state of nature or in Paul’s gardens and orchards.
“Back to Eden” invites you to take a walk with Paul as he teaches you sustainable organic growing methods that are capable of being implemented in diverse climates around the world.
  BACK TO EDEN shares the story of one man’s lifelong journey, walking with God and learning how to get back to the simple, productive methods of sustainable provision that were given to man in the garden of Eden. The organic growing system that has resulted from Paul Gautschi’s incredible experiences has garnered the interest of visitors from around the world. However, never until now have Paul’s methods been documented and shared like this!
As a part of our mission to freely give and freely receive, the makers of BACK TO EDEN have agreed to stream the full feature film online for free. For viewers who support this film and who want to help other people see it, please share www.backtoedenfilm.com, buy copies of the full feature film to give to others or host a screening in your community.


Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Why grow your own Veggies?

  People ask, why do you take time to grow a garden? Well there are many reason's why. Each vegetable you grow in your little garden on average has 3 times the vitamins and minerals that a store bought veggie has. The taste is so much richer and fresher, you won't believe the difference in the two. Mainly because must supermarket veggies have been grow in hot house (hydroponics), so you don't get all the good stuff from the soil. That's why it is so important to have good soil! When the distance from the garden to the table is just a few feet away, you will enjoy just harvested, nutrient packed produce that is superior to any store bought counter part because it is so fresh. Your garden doesn't have to be huge, as a matter of fact you can grow the a great selection of veggies on a sunny deck or patio.
  Another reason and one of my main reason's is because you can grow them organically. Most commercial growers use chemical pesticides and fertilizers that can harm you and your family when ingested all the time. A chemical fertilizer is defined as any inorganic material of wholly or partially synthetic origin that is added to the soil to sustain plant growth. Many artificial fertilizers contain acids, such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, which tend to increase the acidity of the soil, reduce the soil's beneficial organism population and interfere with plant growth. Generally, healthy soil contains enough nitrogen-fixing bacteria to fix sufficient atmospheric nitrogen to supply the needs of growing plants. However, continued use of chemical fertilizer may destroy these nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Furthermore, chemical fertilizers may effect plant health. For example, citrus trees tend to yield fruits that are lower in vitamin C when treated with high nitrogen fertilizer. Fungus and bacterial disease resulting from the lack of trace elements in soil regularly dosed with chemical fertilizers is not uncommon. This lack of vital micronutrients can generally be attributed to the use of chemical fertilizers. On the other hand organic fertilizer such as manure treated with CBPA adds nutrients to soil, increases soil organic matter, improves soil structure and tilth, improves water holding capacity, reduces soil crusting problems, reduces erosion from wind and water, improves water holding capacity and improves buffering capacity against fluctuations in pH levels.

Tuesday, January 17, 2012

Plant Food In Your Kitchen?

   I had been looking for more organic ways to garden, especially when it cam to fertilizers. I stumbled across this book written by master gardener Jerry Baker. He has a lot of good ideas for doing this, even using a lot of things you already have around the house. A lot of these i remember my own grandma using but really never paid as much of attention to my grandma as Jerry did with his. I sure wish I had because look at him today. I will list some of the ingredients and as the growing season goes on and I experiment with the tonics that he gives I will post the ones that I have good luck with. I can't wait to see if they work as well as others have said they do. I talked to my grandma and she said a lot of these she did use and they were proven. So I guess I will try them and see. If you have any suggestions please leave them in the comments.

Major ingredients and what they contribute:
Ammonia: is a readily available source of nitrogen, which helps to encourage leafy growth. However, it's really potent stuff! To avoid burning your plants, always dilute it as specified in the tonic recipe's. It can burn, too, so always handle it with gloves. Never, never combine it with vinegar or bleach! The resulting chemical reaction will release toxic fumes!
Antiseptic Mouthwash: does the same thing in your garden that it does in your mouth; destroys germs.
Baby Shampoo and Liquid Dish Soap: help soften soil and remove dust, dirt and pollution from your plants so that osmosis and photosynthesis can occur more easily. They also make plants taste bad to insects.
Beer: helps release the nutrients that are locked in the soil and helps to make your plants strong and healthy.
Banana Peels: Great source of potassium.
Cola: helps feed the good bacteria that condition your soil. be sure you use the real thing; bacteria need sugar.
Coffee Grounds: Worms love it and worms are a gardeners best friend!
Eggs Shells: A very good source of calcium.
Epsom Salts: deepen the color, thicken the petals and improves the root structure of your plants.
Oil: Nontoxic smothering agent for insects.
Sugar, Molasses and Corn Syrup: stimulate chlorophyll formation in plants and help feet the good soil bacteria.
Tea: contains tannic acid, which helps plants to digest their food faster and more easily.
Tobacco: poisons bugs when they ingest it or when they simply come into contact with it. It does the same to germs that cause plant diseases.
Whiskey: or scotch or bourbon provides nutrients and is a mild disinfectant that will keep bugs away.
  There are other organic fertilizers at most of your hardware stores, so if you don't want to try these you could use some of those as well but I think I will experiment with these this year.
Compost Tea: Compost tea is quite easy to make - almost like making a real cup of tea only on a larger scale. Shovel in some compost in an old pillow case or burlap bag. Sink it into a large bucket or barrel of water. Cover the container and just let it steep for a few days. Remember, the longer you steep the stronger it is. You may use this as a light fertilizer to give your plants a little boost. It can also be used as a foliar feeding medium.